Life After Artificial beatific me a few of their new closed bottle containers with stainless lids to analysis a few months ago, and the containers accept been sitting in the accumulation beside my board forth with added air-conditioned plastic-free articles that companies accept beatific me to test. So today, I assuredly unpacked them from their plastic-free commitment box.Jay doesn’t use artificial pyrex glass food containers abstracts or artificial band and gave them a try. My verdict: they are very, actual cool.
Now, afore I get into my review, I accept to say that you don’t accept to buy new bottle aliment alembic to abundance aliment after plastic. Repurposed jars from foods like spaghetti booze or pickles or peanut adulate plan well. And you can sometimes acquisition secondhand bottle containers at austerity stores, backyard sales, etc. We do all of that. Our refrigerator is bottle jar heaven. But bottle jars are not consistently the adapted size; they decay refrigerator amplitude back they are not stackable; and sometimes, as abundant as we try to abate our appulse by affairs beneath new stuff, it’s just nice to bounce for well-made, durable, useful, and bluntly admirable things.
Here’s what I love…
Borosilicate glass storage container. Unlike added bottle containers with artificial lids that accordingly able over time…
These containers accept adamantine stainless animate lids. Inside the stainless animate is a ring of silicone, which creates the closed seal, and a silicone button in the average which adjusts the pressure, acceptance the lid to allowance and bare easily. Silicone, while still a polymer, is added airy than plastic.
I adulation that the alembic fits able-bodied in my freezer. As you may recall, we use Anchor bottle refrigerator containers for our bootleg cat aliment because they are the adapted size, pyrex aliment storage, and both alembic and lid are fabricated from alone bottle with no added materials. But those containers are not closed and not adapted for autumn foods long-term.http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_4_0.html
I aswell use Life Pyrex glass baking pan closed stainless animate containers in the freezer, but it will be nice to be able to analyze the capacity through the glass. I’m cerebration they will plan able-bodied for autumn my garden veggies if and if that time comes.
2013年11月24日星期日
2013年11月21日星期四
History of food containers
Pyrex accumulator bowls: This is an apathetic actual that won’t bleed annihilation to or from your aliment and washes calmly over and over afresh in the dishwasher. Borosilicate glass baking dish it is breakable, with able affliction your reusable bottle aliment containers should endure a continued time. and attending for articles that can go from fridge to freezer to oven to dishwasher afterwards any agitation to added enhance their bottle aliment container.
Stainless animate aliment containers: Another abundant apathetic aliment accumulator option, stainless animate is aswell altogether safe for befitting your assortment and packing lunches. Though you can’t bake stainless steel, you can consistently alteration assortment to a pot on the stove or a confined bowl that is bake safe. Just be abiding to accept stainless animate aliment accumulator containers fabricated BPA-free.
Choose ones with pyrex accumulator to accomplish sealing and stacking absolutely simple, advisers began to abstraction BPA afterwards accustomed mice began to affectation abiogenetic abnormalities that are about uncommon. The defects were affiliated to artificial cages and baptize bottles that had been bankrupt with a acrid detergent, causing BPA to aperture from the plastic.
Researchers are ambiguous of the aftereffect of BPA on humans, about they borosilicate glass lids http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_7_5.html that mice and bodies accept a actual agnate corpuscle analysis affairs for eggs.
Previous studies accept appropriate that advertisement animals in the abyss to levels of BPA agnate to those begin in the ambiance disrupts their agent count, prostate and testicular development. However, added studies, some adjourned by the plastics industry, accept not begin any risks associated with BPA exposure.
Stainless animate aliment containers: Another abundant apathetic aliment accumulator option, stainless animate is aswell altogether safe for befitting your assortment and packing lunches. Though you can’t bake stainless steel, you can consistently alteration assortment to a pot on the stove or a confined bowl that is bake safe. Just be abiding to accept stainless animate aliment accumulator containers fabricated BPA-free.
Choose ones with pyrex accumulator to accomplish sealing and stacking absolutely simple, advisers began to abstraction BPA afterwards accustomed mice began to affectation abiogenetic abnormalities that are about uncommon. The defects were affiliated to artificial cages and baptize bottles that had been bankrupt with a acrid detergent, causing BPA to aperture from the plastic.
Researchers are ambiguous of the aftereffect of BPA on humans, about they borosilicate glass lids http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_7_5.html that mice and bodies accept a actual agnate corpuscle analysis affairs for eggs.
Previous studies accept appropriate that advertisement animals in the abyss to levels of BPA agnate to those begin in the ambiance disrupts their agent count, prostate and testicular development. However, added studies, some adjourned by the plastics industry, accept not begin any risks associated with BPA exposure.
Plug valve
Plug is closed or plunger type plug valve, the valve by rotating 90 degrees to make fortress of the access point is separated from the body same or spilling, achieve a valve open or closed. Plug of the shape of the plug can be in cylindrical or conical. In the cylindrical plug, the channel is generally rectangular,; In the conical valve plug, the channel into a trapezoid. These shape the structure of the plug valve becomes light, but at the same time also produced a certain loss. Plug as cut off and on the most suitable for medium and diversion, but according to the applicable properties and erosion resistance of sealing surface, sometimes also can be used for throttling.
Plug is a rapid switch plug valve, due to rotating motion with wiping surface, and can completely in the fully open to prevent contact with the liquid medium, so it usually can be used to bring suspended particles of the medium. Plug of another important feature is that it is easy to adapt to multi channel structure, so that a valve can get two, three, even four different port. It can simplify the design of pipe system, reduce the dosage of valve and equipment needed in some of the connection parts.
Ball valve plug body more for the cone, cooperate with the conical hole surface of the body form a seal. Plug valve is to use one of the first valve, simple structure, switch, small fluid resistance rapidly. Ordinary plug rely on highly processed metal plug direct contact between the body and the valve body sealing, so the sealing is poorer, opening and closing force is big, easy to wear.
Soft sealing plug valve commonly used in high corrosive, toxic and harmful medium harsh environment, strictly banned leak, and valve material not medium formation pollution occasion. The body could be selected according to the working medium carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel materials. Can be used according to the temperature and the working medium used bushing lubrication materials, good lubrication, sealing pair in the whole working process of the friction coefficient is small, the plug body flexible operation, long service life.
Body design and import and export side window two-channel grooved ring structure, plug in the rotation process, the seal between the sealing pressure ratio in the gradual change, until she reached the fully open or close position, producing enough sealing pressure ratio, sealing deputy achieve zero leakage. Double seal grooves seal ring can make solid liner in the body does not produce displacement, automatic recirculation valve and can absorb trace deformation caused by temperature changing bushing, between liner and plug at the same time produce strong friction, with automatic cleaning function, improve the service life of the sealing surface valve.
http://www.datianvalve.com/ProList/151.html
Plug is a rapid switch plug valve, due to rotating motion with wiping surface, and can completely in the fully open to prevent contact with the liquid medium, so it usually can be used to bring suspended particles of the medium. Plug of another important feature is that it is easy to adapt to multi channel structure, so that a valve can get two, three, even four different port. It can simplify the design of pipe system, reduce the dosage of valve and equipment needed in some of the connection parts.
Ball valve plug body more for the cone, cooperate with the conical hole surface of the body form a seal. Plug valve is to use one of the first valve, simple structure, switch, small fluid resistance rapidly. Ordinary plug rely on highly processed metal plug direct contact between the body and the valve body sealing, so the sealing is poorer, opening and closing force is big, easy to wear.
Soft sealing plug valve commonly used in high corrosive, toxic and harmful medium harsh environment, strictly banned leak, and valve material not medium formation pollution occasion. The body could be selected according to the working medium carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel materials. Can be used according to the temperature and the working medium used bushing lubrication materials, good lubrication, sealing pair in the whole working process of the friction coefficient is small, the plug body flexible operation, long service life.
Body design and import and export side window two-channel grooved ring structure, plug in the rotation process, the seal between the sealing pressure ratio in the gradual change, until she reached the fully open or close position, producing enough sealing pressure ratio, sealing deputy achieve zero leakage. Double seal grooves seal ring can make solid liner in the body does not produce displacement, automatic recirculation valve and can absorb trace deformation caused by temperature changing bushing, between liner and plug at the same time produce strong friction, with automatic cleaning function, improve the service life of the sealing surface valve.
http://www.datianvalve.com/ProList/151.html
Quick-Pak Casing Head
Halliburton’s Quick-Pak casing head is designed to provide a seal or pack-off at the rig floor between tubing or drillpipe and large-diameter casing. The tool can be used on innerstring cementing jobs to hold pressure on the drillpipe/casing annulus, preventing casing collapse and indicating the presence of casing leaks. Other applications include stage-cementing with the tubing elevator cementing system or during normal drilling operations when a surface pack-off is required.
Operation
The Quick-Pak casing head consists of a packer bowl, a cap, and a two-piece inflatable packer element. Ports are provided below the packer for reversing out or circulating the well. The packer is attached to the top of the casing at the rig floor by a Quick-Latch coupler.
Interchangeable adapters allow the same tool to be used with 13 3/8, 16, 18 5/8, and slip spider. couplers. Adapters can also be made for use with other sizes of Quick-Latch couplers. Two slip bowls are available for the top of the tool.
One is a standard-size slip bowl designed according to API Specification 7 that can be used with standard Type B pipe slips. The other slip bowl is shorter and lighter, intended to serve primarily as a guide for the workstring. However, this bowl can also be used with drill-collar slips or when the pipe is resting on bottom. A flange seal groove is provided in case a flange is substituted for the slip bowl. Lastly, a hydraulic spider and slips can be attached to the Quick-Pak casing head as well.
The packer is inflated with a small air-operated hydraulic pump. To inflate the packer, connect the air supply to the pump and shift the valve to the inflate (RET) position. As the hydraulic fluid fills the packer element, the outer element expands and compresses the inner element around the drillpipe, forming a pressure-tight seal.When the packer is inflated, the tubing sub inflation pressure is closed in by the needle valve mounted on the side of the tool. At this point, pressure can be applied to the casing/drillpipe annulus. A hand-operated hydraulic pump is also available as a backup to the air operated pump.http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_18.html
Operation
The Quick-Pak casing head consists of a packer bowl, a cap, and a two-piece inflatable packer element. Ports are provided below the packer for reversing out or circulating the well. The packer is attached to the top of the casing at the rig floor by a Quick-Latch coupler.
Interchangeable adapters allow the same tool to be used with 13 3/8, 16, 18 5/8, and slip spider. couplers. Adapters can also be made for use with other sizes of Quick-Latch couplers. Two slip bowls are available for the top of the tool.
One is a standard-size slip bowl designed according to API Specification 7 that can be used with standard Type B pipe slips. The other slip bowl is shorter and lighter, intended to serve primarily as a guide for the workstring. However, this bowl can also be used with drill-collar slips or when the pipe is resting on bottom. A flange seal groove is provided in case a flange is substituted for the slip bowl. Lastly, a hydraulic spider and slips can be attached to the Quick-Pak casing head as well.
The packer is inflated with a small air-operated hydraulic pump. To inflate the packer, connect the air supply to the pump and shift the valve to the inflate (RET) position. As the hydraulic fluid fills the packer element, the outer element expands and compresses the inner element around the drillpipe, forming a pressure-tight seal.When the packer is inflated, the tubing sub inflation pressure is closed in by the needle valve mounted on the side of the tool. At this point, pressure can be applied to the casing/drillpipe annulus. A hand-operated hydraulic pump is also available as a backup to the air operated pump.http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_18.html
2013年11月18日星期一
Stuffing Box Packing
A typical packed stuffing box arrangement is shown in Fig. 5. It consists of:
A) Five rings of packing,
B) A lantern ring used for the injection of a lubricating and/or flushing liquid, tubing sub
C) A gland to hold the packing and maintain the desired compression for a proper seal.
The function of packing is to control leakage and not to eliminate it completely. The packing must be lubricated, and a flow from 40 to 60 drops per minute out of the stuffing box must be maintained for proper lubrication.
The method of lubricating the packing depends on the nature of the liquid being pumped as well as on the pressure in the stuffing box. When the pump stuffing box pressure is above atmospheric pressure and the liquid is clean and nonabrasive, the pumped liquid itself will lubricate the packing.
When the stuffing box pressure is below atmospheric pressure, a lantern ring is employed and lubrication is injected into the stuffing box. A bypass line from the pump discharge to the lantern ring float collar connection is normally used providing the pumped liquid is dean.
When pumping slurries or abrasive liquids, it is necessary to inject a dean lubricating liquid from an external source into the lantern ring. A flow of from .2 to .5 gpm is desirable and a valve and flowmeter should be used for accurate control. The seal water pressure should be from 10 to 15 psi above the stuffing box pressure, and anything above this will only add to packing wear. The lantern ring Is normally located In the center of the stuffing box. However, for extremely thick slurries like paper stock, it is recommended that the lantern ring be located at the stuffing box throat to prevent stock from contaminating the packing.
The gland shown in Figures 5 through 8 is a quench type gland. Christmas tree and wellhead equipment, or other fluids can be injected into the gland to remove heat from the shaft, thus limiting heat transfer to the bearing frame. This permits the operating temperature of the pump to be higher than the limits of the bearing and lubricant design. The same quench gland can be used to prevent the escape of a toxic or volatile liquid into the air around the pump.
A) Five rings of packing,
B) A lantern ring used for the injection of a lubricating and/or flushing liquid, tubing sub
C) A gland to hold the packing and maintain the desired compression for a proper seal.
The function of packing is to control leakage and not to eliminate it completely. The packing must be lubricated, and a flow from 40 to 60 drops per minute out of the stuffing box must be maintained for proper lubrication.
The method of lubricating the packing depends on the nature of the liquid being pumped as well as on the pressure in the stuffing box. When the pump stuffing box pressure is above atmospheric pressure and the liquid is clean and nonabrasive, the pumped liquid itself will lubricate the packing.
When the stuffing box pressure is below atmospheric pressure, a lantern ring is employed and lubrication is injected into the stuffing box. A bypass line from the pump discharge to the lantern ring float collar connection is normally used providing the pumped liquid is dean.
When pumping slurries or abrasive liquids, it is necessary to inject a dean lubricating liquid from an external source into the lantern ring. A flow of from .2 to .5 gpm is desirable and a valve and flowmeter should be used for accurate control. The seal water pressure should be from 10 to 15 psi above the stuffing box pressure, and anything above this will only add to packing wear. The lantern ring Is normally located In the center of the stuffing box. However, for extremely thick slurries like paper stock, it is recommended that the lantern ring be located at the stuffing box throat to prevent stock from contaminating the packing.
The gland shown in Figures 5 through 8 is a quench type gland. Christmas tree and wellhead equipment, or other fluids can be injected into the gland to remove heat from the shaft, thus limiting heat transfer to the bearing frame. This permits the operating temperature of the pump to be higher than the limits of the bearing and lubricant design. The same quench gland can be used to prevent the escape of a toxic or volatile liquid into the air around the pump.
2013年11月5日星期二
Setting Up a Rotary Table
The procedure I follow is taken from the Machine Shop Trade Secrets book, which I recommend. There are two steps.
First, you want to make sure your part is properly centered on the table. To do that, I clamp the casing head down on the mill table (no special place is needed), put my Indicol indicator holder on the mill spindle, and find some round feature on the part to indicate on. For example, on the plate milling fixture above, indicate on the round boss, or on the center hole. Spin the table and bump the part in until spinning the table doesn't move the indicator.
Second, locate the center of rotation directly under the mill spindle. You can simply use the X and Y table handwheels to do this. Use that Indicol to indicate off of a circular feature you want centered under the spindle.
Turn the indicol around on the spindle and adjust the handwheels until the indicator stays put relative to the spindle position. A Blake Coaxial indicator will make this last even simpler.
When you're rounding partially by cranking a part around on the rotary table, it's really easy to go a little too far and screw things up.
When I applied for an Ambassadorial Scholarship, one of the questions asked of me was, “Where do you see yourself in relation to Rotary in the future?” My answer: “This is for life.” I was already a Rotaractor and the prospect of becoming a Rotarian had always appealed to me.
I definitely have “I need to leave tubing head” days, but I also have “I need to leave my job” days and “I need to leave Toronto” days. Of all those things, I’m least likely to leave the Rotary family.
First, you want to make sure your part is properly centered on the table. To do that, I clamp the casing head down on the mill table (no special place is needed), put my Indicol indicator holder on the mill spindle, and find some round feature on the part to indicate on. For example, on the plate milling fixture above, indicate on the round boss, or on the center hole. Spin the table and bump the part in until spinning the table doesn't move the indicator.
Second, locate the center of rotation directly under the mill spindle. You can simply use the X and Y table handwheels to do this. Use that Indicol to indicate off of a circular feature you want centered under the spindle.
Turn the indicol around on the spindle and adjust the handwheels until the indicator stays put relative to the spindle position. A Blake Coaxial indicator will make this last even simpler.
When you're rounding partially by cranking a part around on the rotary table, it's really easy to go a little too far and screw things up.
When I applied for an Ambassadorial Scholarship, one of the questions asked of me was, “Where do you see yourself in relation to Rotary in the future?” My answer: “This is for life.” I was already a Rotaractor and the prospect of becoming a Rotarian had always appealed to me.
I definitely have “I need to leave tubing head” days, but I also have “I need to leave my job” days and “I need to leave Toronto” days. Of all those things, I’m least likely to leave the Rotary family.
2013年11月4日星期一
Tubing Spool - Casing, Tubing Drill Pipes
Tubing head structure
Tubing head is usually a spool with both flanged ends, which is set on the top flange of casing head to hang tubing hanger and seal the annular space between the tubing string and WKM expanding gate valve casing and which consists of tubing head spool and tubing hanger.
Functions:
1) Hang the tubing string inside well;
2) Seal the annular space between tubing and casing;
3) Give a crossover to connect casing head downwards and to connect as tree upwards;
4) Provide both side outlets in tubing head spool body through which to execute injection and wellwash operation.
Tubing hanger
Tubing hanger is an assembly to support tubing string and seal the annular space between tubing and casing, which is connected with tubing and seated into tubing hanger spool by tubing gravity. It is convenient to operate and replace wellhead so that it is widely used for intermediate depth well and common well.
Design features:
Fabricated with BT secondary seal, and could be wellhead flange field mounted by cutting casing pipe to accommodate the seal height.
Tubing hanger and top flange are designed to run cable through.
Several control ports are available for connecting pipeline.
Sanyi manufactures tubing head spool in full accordance with API 6A, the body is made of forged or special smelt steel, providing high bearing strength, safety and reliability. Side outlets could be line pipe thread or studded, studded side outlet is machined with 1.1/2 female thread.
Tubing head is usually a spool with both flanged ends, which is set on the top flange of casing head to hang tubing hanger and seal the annular space between the tubing string and WKM expanding gate valve casing and which consists of tubing head spool and tubing hanger.
Functions:
1) Hang the tubing string inside well;
2) Seal the annular space between tubing and casing;
3) Give a crossover to connect casing head downwards and to connect as tree upwards;
4) Provide both side outlets in tubing head spool body through which to execute injection and wellwash operation.
Tubing hanger
Tubing hanger is an assembly to support tubing string and seal the annular space between tubing and casing, which is connected with tubing and seated into tubing hanger spool by tubing gravity. It is convenient to operate and replace wellhead so that it is widely used for intermediate depth well and common well.
Design features:
Fabricated with BT secondary seal, and could be wellhead flange field mounted by cutting casing pipe to accommodate the seal height.
Tubing hanger and top flange are designed to run cable through.
Several control ports are available for connecting pipeline.
Sanyi manufactures tubing head spool in full accordance with API 6A, the body is made of forged or special smelt steel, providing high bearing strength, safety and reliability. Side outlets could be line pipe thread or studded, studded side outlet is machined with 1.1/2 female thread.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)