The procedure I follow is taken from the Machine Shop Trade Secrets book, which I recommend. There are two steps.
First, you want to make sure your part is properly centered on the table. To do that, I clamp the casing head down on the mill table (no special place is needed), put my Indicol indicator holder on the mill spindle, and find some round feature on the part to indicate on. For example, on the plate milling fixture above, indicate on the round boss, or on the center hole. Spin the table and bump the part in until spinning the table doesn't move the indicator.
Second, locate the center of rotation directly under the mill spindle. You can simply use the X and Y table handwheels to do this. Use that Indicol to indicate off of a circular feature you want centered under the spindle.
Turn the indicol around on the spindle and adjust the handwheels until the indicator stays put relative to the spindle position. A Blake Coaxial indicator will make this last even simpler.
When you're rounding partially by cranking a part around on the rotary table, it's really easy to go a little too far and screw things up.
When I applied for an Ambassadorial Scholarship, one of the questions asked of me was, “Where do you see yourself in relation to Rotary in the future?” My answer: “This is for life.” I was already a Rotaractor and the prospect of becoming a Rotarian had always appealed to me.
I definitely have “I need to leave tubing head” days, but I also have “I need to leave my job” days and “I need to leave Toronto” days. Of all those things, I’m least likely to leave the Rotary family.
http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_25.html
2013年11月26日星期二
Food Storage Containers
Glass aliment containers acquire now day’s new and new concepts so that they can accumulate the aliment for a continued time aeon after any changes in acidity and taste. Bottle aliment containers is absolute important for assorted reasons. First of all, the containers is in allegation of alms a reliable fence amid the artefact and abeyant algae from the alien surroundings. Thecontainers acquire to accomplish assertive affliction and abate the accident of artefact infectivity as abundant as possible. Particular types of containers can access the shelf activity of assertive foods, while aswell acceptance safe and able transport. pyrex bottle accumulator acquire a acceptable sealing.
Food accumulator containers advice accumulate aliment fresh, comestible and safe from pests as continued as possible. There are abounding altered types of aliment accumulator containers, including Pyrex bottle aliment containers and aliment steamer.Some containers plan bigger if acclimated to abundance aliment items in the cupboard, while others plan best if acclimated to abundance aliment in a refrigerator or freezer.No amount what blazon of alembic is acclimated for aliment storage, assurance precautions such as befitting foods at ideal temperatures should be taken.
Dry foods, such as broiled fruits, crackers, cereal, pasta, rice or chips should be stored in an closed alembic like a bottle container. A metal tin can aswell be used, as continued as the aliment is in a bogus bag. These foods should not be apparent to air in adjustment to abjure moisture, which will bound abatement the superior of the food.
These aliment containers are meant to bottle aliment alpha and alimental for best times. They can aswell be acclimated for befitting things such as spices, cookies, tea, several grains and alternating with a abuttals of kitchen accretion which crave storage. Using pyrex accumulator containers or containers are one of the best bureau of befitting the aliment clean, acrimony chargeless and properly.
Glass Aliment Containers - is brash the healthiest and a lot of dedicated bureau of autumn food. Health acquainted bodies acquire aloft the feel on bogus and aluminum accumulator means. Bottle is brash as one of the purest analysis of absolute and chargeless from all the chemicals and exceptionable metals which could arise into your food. These containers are chargeless from any arising and abjure catching odor in case of breakable food.
http://www.homeasycookware.com/prodetail_195.html
Food accumulator containers advice accumulate aliment fresh, comestible and safe from pests as continued as possible. There are abounding altered types of aliment accumulator containers, including Pyrex bottle aliment containers and aliment steamer.Some containers plan bigger if acclimated to abundance aliment items in the cupboard, while others plan best if acclimated to abundance aliment in a refrigerator or freezer.No amount what blazon of alembic is acclimated for aliment storage, assurance precautions such as befitting foods at ideal temperatures should be taken.
Dry foods, such as broiled fruits, crackers, cereal, pasta, rice or chips should be stored in an closed alembic like a bottle container. A metal tin can aswell be used, as continued as the aliment is in a bogus bag. These foods should not be apparent to air in adjustment to abjure moisture, which will bound abatement the superior of the food.
These aliment containers are meant to bottle aliment alpha and alimental for best times. They can aswell be acclimated for befitting things such as spices, cookies, tea, several grains and alternating with a abuttals of kitchen accretion which crave storage. Using pyrex accumulator containers or containers are one of the best bureau of befitting the aliment clean, acrimony chargeless and properly.
Glass Aliment Containers - is brash the healthiest and a lot of dedicated bureau of autumn food. Health acquainted bodies acquire aloft the feel on bogus and aluminum accumulator means. Bottle is brash as one of the purest analysis of absolute and chargeless from all the chemicals and exceptionable metals which could arise into your food. These containers are chargeless from any arising and abjure catching odor in case of breakable food.
http://www.homeasycookware.com/prodetail_195.html
2013年11月25日星期一
Glass Food Containers
Some may not anticipate that accumulator pieces for the kitchen are sexy. Who cares about about containers for assortment if you can accept blush mixers and steampunk teapots? But accumulator containers are a practical, accustomed call for all of us, and bluntly I was added aflame to see the abundant pyrex aliment accumulator on affectation at Housewares than about annihilation else.
I'm in the average of switching over from artificial to bottle accumulator containers, so the all-inclusive arrangement of bottle accumulator this year was absolutely exciting. I anticipate that the backfire adjoin artificial has prompted about every bottle and accumulator architect to actualize their own band of accumulator pieces for the kitchen.
Pyrex accumulator bowls and their bottle are still fabricated in Lancaster, Ohio (near area I grew up!). I acknowledge affairs local, and Pyrex bottle aliment containers are still absolutely bounded to me. Their new band of bottle storageware was on affectation at Housewares. It was all still in ancestor form, but it should be accessible soon. I admired the best appearance — it's a bequest to those best fridge containers of the 1950s, with the ribbed glass. The lids to the aboveboard pieces are bottle as well, with ablaze blooming silicone rims and seals http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_1_1.html . They aswell had abundant concoction bowls with pyrex accumulator lids that articulation accessible so you can cascade calmly after demography the accomplished lid off.
Two thumbs up for this stuff; it looks absolutely agitating in person. And accustomed that it's apprehend a actual reasonable amount as well.Uralex makes the iconic French Picardie aerialist (I accept bulk of these in my abode and use them to authority aggregate from algid drinks to hot drinks to affair to candles). Their articles are fabricated out of pyrex bottle oven, which agency that they can go from the freezer to the fridge to the oven. You can bead them on a harder attic and they will not blast a lot of of the time. Their band of bottle storageware is absolutely lovely, and a actual nice shape. It has that solid choleric bottle I adulation in all the Duralex lines. I do anguish a bit about the lids; they are BPA-free and dishwasher-safe, but they attending like they may bastardize in the dishwasher.
I'm in the average of switching over from artificial to bottle accumulator containers, so the all-inclusive arrangement of bottle accumulator this year was absolutely exciting. I anticipate that the backfire adjoin artificial has prompted about every bottle and accumulator architect to actualize their own band of accumulator pieces for the kitchen.
Pyrex accumulator bowls and their bottle are still fabricated in Lancaster, Ohio (near area I grew up!). I acknowledge affairs local, and Pyrex bottle aliment containers are still absolutely bounded to me. Their new band of bottle storageware was on affectation at Housewares. It was all still in ancestor form, but it should be accessible soon. I admired the best appearance — it's a bequest to those best fridge containers of the 1950s, with the ribbed glass. The lids to the aboveboard pieces are bottle as well, with ablaze blooming silicone rims and seals http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_1_1.html . They aswell had abundant concoction bowls with pyrex accumulator lids that articulation accessible so you can cascade calmly after demography the accomplished lid off.
Two thumbs up for this stuff; it looks absolutely agitating in person. And accustomed that it's apprehend a actual reasonable amount as well.Uralex makes the iconic French Picardie aerialist (I accept bulk of these in my abode and use them to authority aggregate from algid drinks to hot drinks to affair to candles). Their articles are fabricated out of pyrex bottle oven, which agency that they can go from the freezer to the fridge to the oven. You can bead them on a harder attic and they will not blast a lot of of the time. Their band of bottle storageware is absolutely lovely, and a actual nice shape. It has that solid choleric bottle I adulation in all the Duralex lines. I do anguish a bit about the lids; they are BPA-free and dishwasher-safe, but they attending like they may bastardize in the dishwasher.
These are difficult times for young people
These are difficult times for young people starting their careers. Can you be a Rotary member and still live in your parents’ basement?
Kristi Breisach, 26, Rotaract Club of Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA: Trying to catch a break as a young professional feels like an uphill battle these days, but joining Rotary or Rotaract is one of the smartest things a recent college graduate can do. Being a Rotarian opens the door to professional connections as you rub elbows with the “adapter spool http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_57.html ” of your community. You’ll find great volunteer opportunities, and maybe it will lead to an unexpected professional opportunity.
Garofolo: Our members are facing hard times financially. This isn’t just a young person’s problem. But anyone can make a difference. Some can give more money, some can give more time and muscle, and others can give access to networks. We’re a richer organization when we recognize all of these commitments.
What have you found helpful in your encounters with older Rotary members? Where is there friction?
Jennifer Petrichenko, 30, Rotaract Club of Cloverdale, British Columbia, Canada: I once asked a Rotarian how my Rotaract club could help with an upcoming project, and the event chair told me they could really use help with the coat check. A typical misconception is that Rotaractors are young and inexperienced. Some Rotarians I’ve met have had a hard time comprehending that I’m not a student and I’m in a professional career.
Holly Ransom, 23, Rotary Club of Crawley, Western Australia, Australia: Some of the best spacer spool http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_58.html I’ve encountered have been genuine believers in the capabilities of young people. They were willing to throw their support behind me as a young club president, invest their time in explaining Rotary’s nuances to me, and offer me advice on everything from projects to finding the right people for leadership roles.
What trade-offs are you willing to make when dealing with older Rotary members? What’s a deal breaker?
Krissie Bredin, 28, Rotaract Club of Crosslands, New South Wales, Australia; past RYLA participant: I have no problem with Rotarians targeting business and professional leaders for membership, but if you want to recruit younger members, you need to remember that Rotary has the power to make great leaders. For years I focused on my club’s presidency and major Rotaract projects while my career took a back seat, which could make me a less appealing Rotary candidate. There are so many people who have the time and the passion to make a difference in the world — they just need Rotarians to believe in them and give them that opportunity.
Kristi Breisach, 26, Rotaract Club of Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA: Trying to catch a break as a young professional feels like an uphill battle these days, but joining Rotary or Rotaract is one of the smartest things a recent college graduate can do. Being a Rotarian opens the door to professional connections as you rub elbows with the “adapter spool http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_57.html ” of your community. You’ll find great volunteer opportunities, and maybe it will lead to an unexpected professional opportunity.
Garofolo: Our members are facing hard times financially. This isn’t just a young person’s problem. But anyone can make a difference. Some can give more money, some can give more time and muscle, and others can give access to networks. We’re a richer organization when we recognize all of these commitments.
What have you found helpful in your encounters with older Rotary members? Where is there friction?
Jennifer Petrichenko, 30, Rotaract Club of Cloverdale, British Columbia, Canada: I once asked a Rotarian how my Rotaract club could help with an upcoming project, and the event chair told me they could really use help with the coat check. A typical misconception is that Rotaractors are young and inexperienced. Some Rotarians I’ve met have had a hard time comprehending that I’m not a student and I’m in a professional career.
Holly Ransom, 23, Rotary Club of Crawley, Western Australia, Australia: Some of the best spacer spool http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_58.html I’ve encountered have been genuine believers in the capabilities of young people. They were willing to throw their support behind me as a young club president, invest their time in explaining Rotary’s nuances to me, and offer me advice on everything from projects to finding the right people for leadership roles.
What trade-offs are you willing to make when dealing with older Rotary members? What’s a deal breaker?
Krissie Bredin, 28, Rotaract Club of Crosslands, New South Wales, Australia; past RYLA participant: I have no problem with Rotarians targeting business and professional leaders for membership, but if you want to recruit younger members, you need to remember that Rotary has the power to make great leaders. For years I focused on my club’s presidency and major Rotaract projects while my career took a back seat, which could make me a less appealing Rotary candidate. There are so many people who have the time and the passion to make a difference in the world — they just need Rotarians to believe in them and give them that opportunity.
2013年11月24日星期日
Tubing anchors
The BLACK GOLD Pump and Supply hydraulic tubing anchor is like no other. With our machine shop, BLACK GOLD can re-design a tubing anchor to fit your specific needs. BLACK GOLD developed a new kind of holding efficiency for the hydraulic tubing anchor; by adding a unique O-ring on the piston, more fluid pressure can be retained, allowing for greater holding power. BLACK GOLD'S completely automatic hydraulic tension tubing anchor, utilizes the weight of the fluid column in the tubing string to power the piston in the anchor.
The load reversal from the pump is the dynamic force that moves the hydraulic tubing anchor into tension. Its holding power is designed to resist upward movement against the normal forces encountered in the pumping operation, but will yield to forces beyond normal, that would over-stress the tubing string. This is accomplished by a combination of stuffing box designed features, without the aid of mechanical compensating devices.
Slips are designed to span recesses, and have a 43 degree top tooth angle with a 15 degree bottom tooth angle, which allows the anchor to move down the hole into the proper tension position. The hydraulic tubing anchor should be located as close to the pump as possible to maximize use of the anchor. After the pump is seated and the fluid level in the tubing string becomes higher than the fluid level in the annulus, the tubing will be anchored and the anchor's holding power will be proportionate to the differential of the fluid levels in the tubing, and in the casing annulus. The slips of the anchor are case hardened to a Rockwell 50-60 and the anchor is made out of cold finish 1026 steel.
The mechanical tubing anchor/catcher is designed to prevent the stretch movement of the tubing during the well's pumping cycle; which increases pump efficiency, and decreases rod, tubing, and casing wear. Blowout preventer are two sets of teeth on each slip of the anchor; once set faces upward, the other faces downward. The double-gripping action of the slips, allow the tool to be set with greater tension. The mechanical anchor is operated by turning the anchor to the left, which rotates the slips out into the casing. The anchor is then released by turning to the right.
To learn how to set the proper amount of tension on your tubing anchor, follow Black Gold's simple chart to calculate how many inches of stretch to put into your tubing, considering the conditions of the well.
http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_29.html
The load reversal from the pump is the dynamic force that moves the hydraulic tubing anchor into tension. Its holding power is designed to resist upward movement against the normal forces encountered in the pumping operation, but will yield to forces beyond normal, that would over-stress the tubing string. This is accomplished by a combination of stuffing box designed features, without the aid of mechanical compensating devices.
Slips are designed to span recesses, and have a 43 degree top tooth angle with a 15 degree bottom tooth angle, which allows the anchor to move down the hole into the proper tension position. The hydraulic tubing anchor should be located as close to the pump as possible to maximize use of the anchor. After the pump is seated and the fluid level in the tubing string becomes higher than the fluid level in the annulus, the tubing will be anchored and the anchor's holding power will be proportionate to the differential of the fluid levels in the tubing, and in the casing annulus. The slips of the anchor are case hardened to a Rockwell 50-60 and the anchor is made out of cold finish 1026 steel.
The mechanical tubing anchor/catcher is designed to prevent the stretch movement of the tubing during the well's pumping cycle; which increases pump efficiency, and decreases rod, tubing, and casing wear. Blowout preventer are two sets of teeth on each slip of the anchor; once set faces upward, the other faces downward. The double-gripping action of the slips, allow the tool to be set with greater tension. The mechanical anchor is operated by turning the anchor to the left, which rotates the slips out into the casing. The anchor is then released by turning to the right.
To learn how to set the proper amount of tension on your tubing anchor, follow Black Gold's simple chart to calculate how many inches of stretch to put into your tubing, considering the conditions of the well.
http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_29.html
API 6A gate valve and gate valve
Globe valve open-close part is plug valve, sealing surfaces appear flat or cone, disc make linear movement along the center line of the seat. Movement of the stem form, also have lift rotating lever, cut-off valve is closed a move along the center line of the valve seat of the valve. According to this mobile form of disc, seat and disc change in his itinerary directly proportional relationship. Because this valve open or close the valve travel relatively short, and very reliable cutting function, and due to the change of his seat and disc stroke proportional relationship, is very suitable for the traffic regulation. Therefore, this type of closure cut-off valve and throttle valve is very suitable for as a cutoff or adjusted.
Cut-off valve, belongs to the forced sealed valve, the valve is closed, must be pressure on the disc, to force a sealing surface does not leak. When medium from the disc below to valve, operating force required to overcome the resistance, is stem and packing friction with the thrust produced by medium pressure, close the valve of the force is greater than the force to open the API 6A gate valve, so it's bigger, the diameter of the stem or stem top bending failure will happen.
According to the connection mode is divided into three types: flange connection, threaded connection, welding connection. From sealed valve, cut-off valve above the medium flow direction is replaced by the disc into the valve cavity, then under the effect of medium pressure, close the valve is small, the force and the force of opening valve, the valve stem diameter can be reduced accordingly. At the same time, in the role of media, this kind of valve is tight. Valve three to had rules in our country, the flow of cut-off valve, shall be applied. This valve should be installed to horizontal cut-off valve opens, the disc of the opening height, for 25% ~ 30% of nominal diameter. Flow has reached maximum, said valve to full open position. So stop valve in full open position, should be determined by disc's schedule.
Control valve, the valve is one of the most widely used, it is popular, is due to open and close in the process of sealing surface friction between the small, more durable, opening, manufacturing easy, convenient maintenance, not only suitable for low pressure, and is suitable for high pressure.
Globe valve closure principle is, depending on the valve rod pressure, the valve sealing surface and the valve sealing surface fit closely, prevent medium circulation.
Globe valve only one-way flow of medium, the installation direction. Cut-off valve structure length greater than gate valves, at the same time, fluid resistance is large, long-running, seal reliability is not strong.
Advantages: simple structure, manufacture and maintenance more convenient. Working stroke is small, opening and closing time is short. Good sealing, small friction between the sealing surface, long service life. As the structure of china valve body has a straight-through, straight and right angle type. Straight-through type is the most common structure, but the maximum resistance of the fluid.
Once-through fluid resistance is small, usually for containing solids or the viscosity of the fluid. Right Angle type body use forging, more suitable for smaller drift diameter, high pressure cut-off valve. In the process of opening and closing gate valve sealing surface friction than small, wear-resisting. Usually only one seal face, good manufacturing process, easy to maintenance.
Cut-off valve, belongs to the forced sealed valve, the valve is closed, must be pressure on the disc, to force a sealing surface does not leak. When medium from the disc below to valve, operating force required to overcome the resistance, is stem and packing friction with the thrust produced by medium pressure, close the valve of the force is greater than the force to open the API 6A gate valve, so it's bigger, the diameter of the stem or stem top bending failure will happen.
According to the connection mode is divided into three types: flange connection, threaded connection, welding connection. From sealed valve, cut-off valve above the medium flow direction is replaced by the disc into the valve cavity, then under the effect of medium pressure, close the valve is small, the force and the force of opening valve, the valve stem diameter can be reduced accordingly. At the same time, in the role of media, this kind of valve is tight. Valve three to had rules in our country, the flow of cut-off valve, shall be applied. This valve should be installed to horizontal cut-off valve opens, the disc of the opening height, for 25% ~ 30% of nominal diameter. Flow has reached maximum, said valve to full open position. So stop valve in full open position, should be determined by disc's schedule.
Control valve, the valve is one of the most widely used, it is popular, is due to open and close in the process of sealing surface friction between the small, more durable, opening, manufacturing easy, convenient maintenance, not only suitable for low pressure, and is suitable for high pressure.
Globe valve closure principle is, depending on the valve rod pressure, the valve sealing surface and the valve sealing surface fit closely, prevent medium circulation.
Globe valve only one-way flow of medium, the installation direction. Cut-off valve structure length greater than gate valves, at the same time, fluid resistance is large, long-running, seal reliability is not strong.
Advantages: simple structure, manufacture and maintenance more convenient. Working stroke is small, opening and closing time is short. Good sealing, small friction between the sealing surface, long service life. As the structure of china valve body has a straight-through, straight and right angle type. Straight-through type is the most common structure, but the maximum resistance of the fluid.
Once-through fluid resistance is small, usually for containing solids or the viscosity of the fluid. Right Angle type body use forging, more suitable for smaller drift diameter, high pressure cut-off valve. In the process of opening and closing gate valve sealing surface friction than small, wear-resisting. Usually only one seal face, good manufacturing process, easy to maintenance.
Borosilicate glass storage container
Life After Artificial beatific me a few of their new closed bottle containers with stainless lids to analysis a few months ago, and the containers accept been sitting in the accumulation beside my board forth with added air-conditioned plastic-free articles that companies accept beatific me to test. So today, I assuredly unpacked them from their plastic-free commitment box.Jay doesn’t use artificial pyrex glass food containers abstracts or artificial band and gave them a try. My verdict: they are very, actual cool.
Now, afore I get into my review, I accept to say that you don’t accept to buy new bottle aliment alembic to abundance aliment after plastic. Repurposed jars from foods like spaghetti booze or pickles or peanut adulate plan well. And you can sometimes acquisition secondhand bottle containers at austerity stores, backyard sales, etc. We do all of that. Our refrigerator is bottle jar heaven. But bottle jars are not consistently the adapted size; they decay refrigerator amplitude back they are not stackable; and sometimes, as abundant as we try to abate our appulse by affairs beneath new stuff, it’s just nice to bounce for well-made, durable, useful, and bluntly admirable things.
Here’s what I love…
Borosilicate glass storage container. Unlike added bottle containers with artificial lids that accordingly able over time…
These containers accept adamantine stainless animate lids. Inside the stainless animate is a ring of silicone, which creates the closed seal, and a silicone button in the average which adjusts the pressure, acceptance the lid to allowance and bare easily. Silicone, while still a polymer, is added airy than plastic.
I adulation that the alembic fits able-bodied in my freezer. As you may recall, we use Anchor bottle refrigerator containers for our bootleg cat aliment because they are the adapted size, pyrex aliment storage, and both alembic and lid are fabricated from alone bottle with no added materials. But those containers are not closed and not adapted for autumn foods long-term.http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_4_0.html
I aswell use Life Pyrex glass baking pan closed stainless animate containers in the freezer, but it will be nice to be able to analyze the capacity through the glass. I’m cerebration they will plan able-bodied for autumn my garden veggies if and if that time comes.
Now, afore I get into my review, I accept to say that you don’t accept to buy new bottle aliment alembic to abundance aliment after plastic. Repurposed jars from foods like spaghetti booze or pickles or peanut adulate plan well. And you can sometimes acquisition secondhand bottle containers at austerity stores, backyard sales, etc. We do all of that. Our refrigerator is bottle jar heaven. But bottle jars are not consistently the adapted size; they decay refrigerator amplitude back they are not stackable; and sometimes, as abundant as we try to abate our appulse by affairs beneath new stuff, it’s just nice to bounce for well-made, durable, useful, and bluntly admirable things.
Here’s what I love…
Borosilicate glass storage container. Unlike added bottle containers with artificial lids that accordingly able over time…
These containers accept adamantine stainless animate lids. Inside the stainless animate is a ring of silicone, which creates the closed seal, and a silicone button in the average which adjusts the pressure, acceptance the lid to allowance and bare easily. Silicone, while still a polymer, is added airy than plastic.
I adulation that the alembic fits able-bodied in my freezer. As you may recall, we use Anchor bottle refrigerator containers for our bootleg cat aliment because they are the adapted size, pyrex aliment storage, and both alembic and lid are fabricated from alone bottle with no added materials. But those containers are not closed and not adapted for autumn foods long-term.http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_4_0.html
I aswell use Life Pyrex glass baking pan closed stainless animate containers in the freezer, but it will be nice to be able to analyze the capacity through the glass. I’m cerebration they will plan able-bodied for autumn my garden veggies if and if that time comes.
2013年11月21日星期四
History of food containers
Pyrex accumulator bowls: This is an apathetic actual that won’t bleed annihilation to or from your aliment and washes calmly over and over afresh in the dishwasher. Borosilicate glass baking dish it is breakable, with able affliction your reusable bottle aliment containers should endure a continued time. and attending for articles that can go from fridge to freezer to oven to dishwasher afterwards any agitation to added enhance their bottle aliment container.
Stainless animate aliment containers: Another abundant apathetic aliment accumulator option, stainless animate is aswell altogether safe for befitting your assortment and packing lunches. Though you can’t bake stainless steel, you can consistently alteration assortment to a pot on the stove or a confined bowl that is bake safe. Just be abiding to accept stainless animate aliment accumulator containers fabricated BPA-free.
Choose ones with pyrex accumulator to accomplish sealing and stacking absolutely simple, advisers began to abstraction BPA afterwards accustomed mice began to affectation abiogenetic abnormalities that are about uncommon. The defects were affiliated to artificial cages and baptize bottles that had been bankrupt with a acrid detergent, causing BPA to aperture from the plastic.
Researchers are ambiguous of the aftereffect of BPA on humans, about they borosilicate glass lids http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_7_5.html that mice and bodies accept a actual agnate corpuscle analysis affairs for eggs.
Previous studies accept appropriate that advertisement animals in the abyss to levels of BPA agnate to those begin in the ambiance disrupts their agent count, prostate and testicular development. However, added studies, some adjourned by the plastics industry, accept not begin any risks associated with BPA exposure.
Stainless animate aliment containers: Another abundant apathetic aliment accumulator option, stainless animate is aswell altogether safe for befitting your assortment and packing lunches. Though you can’t bake stainless steel, you can consistently alteration assortment to a pot on the stove or a confined bowl that is bake safe. Just be abiding to accept stainless animate aliment accumulator containers fabricated BPA-free.
Choose ones with pyrex accumulator to accomplish sealing and stacking absolutely simple, advisers began to abstraction BPA afterwards accustomed mice began to affectation abiogenetic abnormalities that are about uncommon. The defects were affiliated to artificial cages and baptize bottles that had been bankrupt with a acrid detergent, causing BPA to aperture from the plastic.
Researchers are ambiguous of the aftereffect of BPA on humans, about they borosilicate glass lids http://www.homeasycookware.com/product_7_5.html that mice and bodies accept a actual agnate corpuscle analysis affairs for eggs.
Previous studies accept appropriate that advertisement animals in the abyss to levels of BPA agnate to those begin in the ambiance disrupts their agent count, prostate and testicular development. However, added studies, some adjourned by the plastics industry, accept not begin any risks associated with BPA exposure.
Plug valve
Plug is closed or plunger type plug valve, the valve by rotating 90 degrees to make fortress of the access point is separated from the body same or spilling, achieve a valve open or closed. Plug of the shape of the plug can be in cylindrical or conical. In the cylindrical plug, the channel is generally rectangular,; In the conical valve plug, the channel into a trapezoid. These shape the structure of the plug valve becomes light, but at the same time also produced a certain loss. Plug as cut off and on the most suitable for medium and diversion, but according to the applicable properties and erosion resistance of sealing surface, sometimes also can be used for throttling.
Plug is a rapid switch plug valve, due to rotating motion with wiping surface, and can completely in the fully open to prevent contact with the liquid medium, so it usually can be used to bring suspended particles of the medium. Plug of another important feature is that it is easy to adapt to multi channel structure, so that a valve can get two, three, even four different port. It can simplify the design of pipe system, reduce the dosage of valve and equipment needed in some of the connection parts.
Ball valve plug body more for the cone, cooperate with the conical hole surface of the body form a seal. Plug valve is to use one of the first valve, simple structure, switch, small fluid resistance rapidly. Ordinary plug rely on highly processed metal plug direct contact between the body and the valve body sealing, so the sealing is poorer, opening and closing force is big, easy to wear.
Soft sealing plug valve commonly used in high corrosive, toxic and harmful medium harsh environment, strictly banned leak, and valve material not medium formation pollution occasion. The body could be selected according to the working medium carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel materials. Can be used according to the temperature and the working medium used bushing lubrication materials, good lubrication, sealing pair in the whole working process of the friction coefficient is small, the plug body flexible operation, long service life.
Body design and import and export side window two-channel grooved ring structure, plug in the rotation process, the seal between the sealing pressure ratio in the gradual change, until she reached the fully open or close position, producing enough sealing pressure ratio, sealing deputy achieve zero leakage. Double seal grooves seal ring can make solid liner in the body does not produce displacement, automatic recirculation valve and can absorb trace deformation caused by temperature changing bushing, between liner and plug at the same time produce strong friction, with automatic cleaning function, improve the service life of the sealing surface valve.
http://www.datianvalve.com/ProList/151.html
Plug is a rapid switch plug valve, due to rotating motion with wiping surface, and can completely in the fully open to prevent contact with the liquid medium, so it usually can be used to bring suspended particles of the medium. Plug of another important feature is that it is easy to adapt to multi channel structure, so that a valve can get two, three, even four different port. It can simplify the design of pipe system, reduce the dosage of valve and equipment needed in some of the connection parts.
Ball valve plug body more for the cone, cooperate with the conical hole surface of the body form a seal. Plug valve is to use one of the first valve, simple structure, switch, small fluid resistance rapidly. Ordinary plug rely on highly processed metal plug direct contact between the body and the valve body sealing, so the sealing is poorer, opening and closing force is big, easy to wear.
Soft sealing plug valve commonly used in high corrosive, toxic and harmful medium harsh environment, strictly banned leak, and valve material not medium formation pollution occasion. The body could be selected according to the working medium carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel materials. Can be used according to the temperature and the working medium used bushing lubrication materials, good lubrication, sealing pair in the whole working process of the friction coefficient is small, the plug body flexible operation, long service life.
Body design and import and export side window two-channel grooved ring structure, plug in the rotation process, the seal between the sealing pressure ratio in the gradual change, until she reached the fully open or close position, producing enough sealing pressure ratio, sealing deputy achieve zero leakage. Double seal grooves seal ring can make solid liner in the body does not produce displacement, automatic recirculation valve and can absorb trace deformation caused by temperature changing bushing, between liner and plug at the same time produce strong friction, with automatic cleaning function, improve the service life of the sealing surface valve.
http://www.datianvalve.com/ProList/151.html
Quick-Pak Casing Head
Halliburton’s Quick-Pak casing head is designed to provide a seal or pack-off at the rig floor between tubing or drillpipe and large-diameter casing. The tool can be used on innerstring cementing jobs to hold pressure on the drillpipe/casing annulus, preventing casing collapse and indicating the presence of casing leaks. Other applications include stage-cementing with the tubing elevator cementing system or during normal drilling operations when a surface pack-off is required.
Operation
The Quick-Pak casing head consists of a packer bowl, a cap, and a two-piece inflatable packer element. Ports are provided below the packer for reversing out or circulating the well. The packer is attached to the top of the casing at the rig floor by a Quick-Latch coupler.
Interchangeable adapters allow the same tool to be used with 13 3/8, 16, 18 5/8, and slip spider. couplers. Adapters can also be made for use with other sizes of Quick-Latch couplers. Two slip bowls are available for the top of the tool.
One is a standard-size slip bowl designed according to API Specification 7 that can be used with standard Type B pipe slips. The other slip bowl is shorter and lighter, intended to serve primarily as a guide for the workstring. However, this bowl can also be used with drill-collar slips or when the pipe is resting on bottom. A flange seal groove is provided in case a flange is substituted for the slip bowl. Lastly, a hydraulic spider and slips can be attached to the Quick-Pak casing head as well.
The packer is inflated with a small air-operated hydraulic pump. To inflate the packer, connect the air supply to the pump and shift the valve to the inflate (RET) position. As the hydraulic fluid fills the packer element, the outer element expands and compresses the inner element around the drillpipe, forming a pressure-tight seal.When the packer is inflated, the tubing sub inflation pressure is closed in by the needle valve mounted on the side of the tool. At this point, pressure can be applied to the casing/drillpipe annulus. A hand-operated hydraulic pump is also available as a backup to the air operated pump.http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_18.html
Operation
The Quick-Pak casing head consists of a packer bowl, a cap, and a two-piece inflatable packer element. Ports are provided below the packer for reversing out or circulating the well. The packer is attached to the top of the casing at the rig floor by a Quick-Latch coupler.
Interchangeable adapters allow the same tool to be used with 13 3/8, 16, 18 5/8, and slip spider. couplers. Adapters can also be made for use with other sizes of Quick-Latch couplers. Two slip bowls are available for the top of the tool.
One is a standard-size slip bowl designed according to API Specification 7 that can be used with standard Type B pipe slips. The other slip bowl is shorter and lighter, intended to serve primarily as a guide for the workstring. However, this bowl can also be used with drill-collar slips or when the pipe is resting on bottom. A flange seal groove is provided in case a flange is substituted for the slip bowl. Lastly, a hydraulic spider and slips can be attached to the Quick-Pak casing head as well.
The packer is inflated with a small air-operated hydraulic pump. To inflate the packer, connect the air supply to the pump and shift the valve to the inflate (RET) position. As the hydraulic fluid fills the packer element, the outer element expands and compresses the inner element around the drillpipe, forming a pressure-tight seal.When the packer is inflated, the tubing sub inflation pressure is closed in by the needle valve mounted on the side of the tool. At this point, pressure can be applied to the casing/drillpipe annulus. A hand-operated hydraulic pump is also available as a backup to the air operated pump.http://www.ychtoil.com/pro_detail_18.html
2013年11月18日星期一
Stuffing Box Packing
A typical packed stuffing box arrangement is shown in Fig. 5. It consists of:
A) Five rings of packing,
B) A lantern ring used for the injection of a lubricating and/or flushing liquid, tubing sub
C) A gland to hold the packing and maintain the desired compression for a proper seal.
The function of packing is to control leakage and not to eliminate it completely. The packing must be lubricated, and a flow from 40 to 60 drops per minute out of the stuffing box must be maintained for proper lubrication.
The method of lubricating the packing depends on the nature of the liquid being pumped as well as on the pressure in the stuffing box. When the pump stuffing box pressure is above atmospheric pressure and the liquid is clean and nonabrasive, the pumped liquid itself will lubricate the packing.
When the stuffing box pressure is below atmospheric pressure, a lantern ring is employed and lubrication is injected into the stuffing box. A bypass line from the pump discharge to the lantern ring float collar connection is normally used providing the pumped liquid is dean.
When pumping slurries or abrasive liquids, it is necessary to inject a dean lubricating liquid from an external source into the lantern ring. A flow of from .2 to .5 gpm is desirable and a valve and flowmeter should be used for accurate control. The seal water pressure should be from 10 to 15 psi above the stuffing box pressure, and anything above this will only add to packing wear. The lantern ring Is normally located In the center of the stuffing box. However, for extremely thick slurries like paper stock, it is recommended that the lantern ring be located at the stuffing box throat to prevent stock from contaminating the packing.
The gland shown in Figures 5 through 8 is a quench type gland. Christmas tree and wellhead equipment, or other fluids can be injected into the gland to remove heat from the shaft, thus limiting heat transfer to the bearing frame. This permits the operating temperature of the pump to be higher than the limits of the bearing and lubricant design. The same quench gland can be used to prevent the escape of a toxic or volatile liquid into the air around the pump.
A) Five rings of packing,
B) A lantern ring used for the injection of a lubricating and/or flushing liquid, tubing sub
C) A gland to hold the packing and maintain the desired compression for a proper seal.
The function of packing is to control leakage and not to eliminate it completely. The packing must be lubricated, and a flow from 40 to 60 drops per minute out of the stuffing box must be maintained for proper lubrication.
The method of lubricating the packing depends on the nature of the liquid being pumped as well as on the pressure in the stuffing box. When the pump stuffing box pressure is above atmospheric pressure and the liquid is clean and nonabrasive, the pumped liquid itself will lubricate the packing.
When the stuffing box pressure is below atmospheric pressure, a lantern ring is employed and lubrication is injected into the stuffing box. A bypass line from the pump discharge to the lantern ring float collar connection is normally used providing the pumped liquid is dean.
When pumping slurries or abrasive liquids, it is necessary to inject a dean lubricating liquid from an external source into the lantern ring. A flow of from .2 to .5 gpm is desirable and a valve and flowmeter should be used for accurate control. The seal water pressure should be from 10 to 15 psi above the stuffing box pressure, and anything above this will only add to packing wear. The lantern ring Is normally located In the center of the stuffing box. However, for extremely thick slurries like paper stock, it is recommended that the lantern ring be located at the stuffing box throat to prevent stock from contaminating the packing.
The gland shown in Figures 5 through 8 is a quench type gland. Christmas tree and wellhead equipment, or other fluids can be injected into the gland to remove heat from the shaft, thus limiting heat transfer to the bearing frame. This permits the operating temperature of the pump to be higher than the limits of the bearing and lubricant design. The same quench gland can be used to prevent the escape of a toxic or volatile liquid into the air around the pump.
2013年11月5日星期二
Setting Up a Rotary Table
The procedure I follow is taken from the Machine Shop Trade Secrets book, which I recommend. There are two steps.
First, you want to make sure your part is properly centered on the table. To do that, I clamp the casing head down on the mill table (no special place is needed), put my Indicol indicator holder on the mill spindle, and find some round feature on the part to indicate on. For example, on the plate milling fixture above, indicate on the round boss, or on the center hole. Spin the table and bump the part in until spinning the table doesn't move the indicator.
Second, locate the center of rotation directly under the mill spindle. You can simply use the X and Y table handwheels to do this. Use that Indicol to indicate off of a circular feature you want centered under the spindle.
Turn the indicol around on the spindle and adjust the handwheels until the indicator stays put relative to the spindle position. A Blake Coaxial indicator will make this last even simpler.
When you're rounding partially by cranking a part around on the rotary table, it's really easy to go a little too far and screw things up.
When I applied for an Ambassadorial Scholarship, one of the questions asked of me was, “Where do you see yourself in relation to Rotary in the future?” My answer: “This is for life.” I was already a Rotaractor and the prospect of becoming a Rotarian had always appealed to me.
I definitely have “I need to leave tubing head” days, but I also have “I need to leave my job” days and “I need to leave Toronto” days. Of all those things, I’m least likely to leave the Rotary family.
First, you want to make sure your part is properly centered on the table. To do that, I clamp the casing head down on the mill table (no special place is needed), put my Indicol indicator holder on the mill spindle, and find some round feature on the part to indicate on. For example, on the plate milling fixture above, indicate on the round boss, or on the center hole. Spin the table and bump the part in until spinning the table doesn't move the indicator.
Second, locate the center of rotation directly under the mill spindle. You can simply use the X and Y table handwheels to do this. Use that Indicol to indicate off of a circular feature you want centered under the spindle.
Turn the indicol around on the spindle and adjust the handwheels until the indicator stays put relative to the spindle position. A Blake Coaxial indicator will make this last even simpler.
When you're rounding partially by cranking a part around on the rotary table, it's really easy to go a little too far and screw things up.
When I applied for an Ambassadorial Scholarship, one of the questions asked of me was, “Where do you see yourself in relation to Rotary in the future?” My answer: “This is for life.” I was already a Rotaractor and the prospect of becoming a Rotarian had always appealed to me.
I definitely have “I need to leave tubing head” days, but I also have “I need to leave my job” days and “I need to leave Toronto” days. Of all those things, I’m least likely to leave the Rotary family.
2013年11月4日星期一
Tubing Spool - Casing, Tubing Drill Pipes
Tubing head structure
Tubing head is usually a spool with both flanged ends, which is set on the top flange of casing head to hang tubing hanger and seal the annular space between the tubing string and WKM expanding gate valve casing and which consists of tubing head spool and tubing hanger.
Functions:
1) Hang the tubing string inside well;
2) Seal the annular space between tubing and casing;
3) Give a crossover to connect casing head downwards and to connect as tree upwards;
4) Provide both side outlets in tubing head spool body through which to execute injection and wellwash operation.
Tubing hanger
Tubing hanger is an assembly to support tubing string and seal the annular space between tubing and casing, which is connected with tubing and seated into tubing hanger spool by tubing gravity. It is convenient to operate and replace wellhead so that it is widely used for intermediate depth well and common well.
Design features:
Fabricated with BT secondary seal, and could be wellhead flange field mounted by cutting casing pipe to accommodate the seal height.
Tubing hanger and top flange are designed to run cable through.
Several control ports are available for connecting pipeline.
Sanyi manufactures tubing head spool in full accordance with API 6A, the body is made of forged or special smelt steel, providing high bearing strength, safety and reliability. Side outlets could be line pipe thread or studded, studded side outlet is machined with 1.1/2 female thread.
Tubing head is usually a spool with both flanged ends, which is set on the top flange of casing head to hang tubing hanger and seal the annular space between the tubing string and WKM expanding gate valve casing and which consists of tubing head spool and tubing hanger.
Functions:
1) Hang the tubing string inside well;
2) Seal the annular space between tubing and casing;
3) Give a crossover to connect casing head downwards and to connect as tree upwards;
4) Provide both side outlets in tubing head spool body through which to execute injection and wellwash operation.
Tubing hanger
Tubing hanger is an assembly to support tubing string and seal the annular space between tubing and casing, which is connected with tubing and seated into tubing hanger spool by tubing gravity. It is convenient to operate and replace wellhead so that it is widely used for intermediate depth well and common well.
Design features:
Fabricated with BT secondary seal, and could be wellhead flange field mounted by cutting casing pipe to accommodate the seal height.
Tubing hanger and top flange are designed to run cable through.
Several control ports are available for connecting pipeline.
Sanyi manufactures tubing head spool in full accordance with API 6A, the body is made of forged or special smelt steel, providing high bearing strength, safety and reliability. Side outlets could be line pipe thread or studded, studded side outlet is machined with 1.1/2 female thread.
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